Zusammenfassung
Veränderungen des Ernährungs- und Bewegungsverhaltens von Kindern und Jugendlichen
führen weltweit zu einer Zunahme der Adipositas schon im Kindes- und Jugendalter.
Folge dieser Entwicklung ist eine Zunahme des Typ 2 Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
die in vielen Ländern beobachtet wird. Neben der Entwicklung von Strategien zur
Behandlung des Typ 2 Diabetes muss die Prävention von Adipositas und damit auch
des Typ 2 Diabetes in dieser Altersgruppe ein vorrangiges Ziel sein.
Summary
Changes in food consumption and exercise are fueling a worldwide increase in obesity
in children and adolescents. As a consequence of this dramatic development an
increasing rate of type 2 diabetes can be observed in children and adolescents
in many countries. Development of strategies for therapy of type 2 diabetes and
implementation of prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes in this age group
should be primary health care goals.
Literatur
- 1
American Diabetes Association .
Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.
Pediatrics.
2000;
105
671-680
- 2
Alikasifoglu A, Yordam N.
The metabolic parameters of obese children and the role of hyperinsulinism on
weight loss.
Eur J Pediatr.
1998;
158
269-270
- 3
Arslanian S A, Kalhan S C.
Correlations between fatty acids and glucose metabolism: potential explanation
for insulin resistance of puberty.
Diabetes.
1994;
43
908-914
- 4
Arslanian S.
Insulin secretion and sensitivity in healthy African-American vs American white
children.
Clin Pediatr (Phila).
1998;
37
81-88
- 5
Bundred P, Kitchiner D, Buchan I.
Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: population
based series of cross sectional studies.
BMJ.
2001;
322
1-4
- 6
Chiu K C, Pejman C, Lee N P, Chuang L M.
Insulin sensitivity differs among ethnic groups with a compensatory response
in β-cell function.
Diabetes Care.
2000;
23
1353-1358
- 7
Cook V V, Hurley J S.
Prevention of type 2 diabetes in childhood.
Clin Pediatr.
1998;
37
123-130
- 8
Dabelea D, Hanson R L, Bennett P H, Roumain J, Knowler W C, Pettitt D J.
Increasing prevalence of type II diabetes in American Indian children.
Diabetologia.
1998;
41
904-910
- 9
Danadian K, Balasekaran G, Lewy V, Meza M P, Arslanian S A.
Insulin sensitivity in African-American children with and without family history
of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Care.
1999;
22
1325-1329
- 10
Dean H.
Diagnostic criteria for non insulin dependent diabetes in youth (NIDDM-Y).
Clin Pediatr.
1998;
37
67-71
- 11
Dean H.
NIDDM-Y in first nation children in Canada.
Clin Pediatr.
1998;
37
89-96
- 12
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group .
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or
metformin.
N Engl J Med.
2002;
346
393-403
- 13
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group .
Costs associated with the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in
the diabetes prevention program.
Diabetes Care.
2003;
26
36-47
- 14
Drake A J, Smith A, Betts P R, Crowne E C, Shield J PH.
Type 2 diabetes in obese white children.
Arch Dis Child.
2002;
86
207-208
- 15
Dyer O.
First cases of type 2 diabetes found in white UK teenagers.
BMJ.
2002;
324
506
- 16
Elbein S C, Wegner K, Kahn S E.
Reduced beta-cell compensation to the insulin resistance associated with obesity
in members of caucasian familial type 2 diabetic kindreds.
Diabetes Care.
2000;
23
221-227
- 17
Freedman D S, Srinivasan S R, Valdez R A, Williamson D F, Berenson G S.
Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades:
the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Pediatrics.
1997;
99
420-426
- 18
Freemark M, Bursey D.
The effects of metformin on body mass index and glucose tolerance in obese adolescents
with fasting hyperinsulinemia and a family history of type 2 diabetes.
Pediatrics.
2001;
107
1-7
- 19
Freemark M.
Pharmacologic approaches to the prevention of type 2 diabetes in high risk pediatric
patients.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2003;
88
3-13
- 20
Gahagan S, Silverstein J. for the comitee of Native American child health .
Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children, with special
emphasis on American Indian and Alaska Native children.
Pediatrics.
2003;
112
328-347
- 21
Holl R W, Wabitsch M, Heinze E.
Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus bei Kindern und Jugendlichen.
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd.
2001;
149
660-669
- 22
Hood V L, Kelly B, Martinez C, Shuman S, Secker-Walker R.
A native American community initiative to prevent diabetes.
Ethn Health.
1997;
2
277-285
- 23
Jimenez M M, Receveur O, Trifonopoulos M, Kuhnlein H, Paradis G, Macaulay A C.
Comparison of the dietary intakes of two different groups of children (grades
4 to 6) before and after the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project.
J Am Diet Assoc.
2003;
103
1191-1194
- 24
Jones K L.
Non-insulin dependent diabetes in children and adolescents: The therapeutic
challenge.
Clin Pediatr.
1998;
37
103-110
- 25
Jones K, Arslanian S, McVie R, Tomlinson M, Park J -S.
Metformin improves glycaemic control in children with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Care.
2002;
25
89-94
- 26
Kapellen T, Raile K, Blüher M, Galler A, Paschke R, Kiess W.
Typ-2-Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen - ein weltweites Problem.
Diabetes und Stoffwechsel.
2001;
10
165-169
- 27
Kiess W, Böttner A, Raile K. et al .
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: a review from a European
perspective.
Horm Res.
2003;
59
77-84
(Suppl 1)
- 28
Kiess W, Gausche R, Keller N> A, Burmeister J, Willgerodt H, Keller E.
Computer-guided, population-based screening system for growth disorders (CrescNet)
and on-line generation of normative data for growth and development.
Horm Res.
2001;
56
(Suppl 1)
59-66
- 29
Kitagawa T, Owada M, Urakami T, Yamauchi K.
Increased incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among Japanese
schoolchildren correlates with an increased intake of animal protein and fat.
Clin Pediatr.
1998;
37
111-116
- 30
Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Zellner K, Jäger U, Hoyer H.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children in Jena (Germany).
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.
1999;
23
1143-1150
- 31
Macaulay A C, Paradis G, Potvin L. et al .
The Kahnawake schools diabetes prevention project: intervention, evaluation,
and baseline results of a diabetes primary prevention.
Prev Med.
1997;
26
779-790
- 32
McGrath N M, Parker G N, Dawson P.
Early presentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young New Zealand Maori.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract.
1999;
43
205-209
- 33
McKenzie S B, O’Connell J, Smith L A, Ottinger W E.
A primary intervention program (pilot study) for Mexican American children at
risk for type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Educ.
1998;
24
180-187
- 34
Ortega-Rodriguez E, Levy-Marchal C, Tubiana N, Czernichow P, Polak M.
Emergence of type 2 diabetes in an hospital based cohort of children with diabetes
mellitus.
Diabetes Metab.
2001;
27
574-578
- 35
Owada M, Nitadori Y, Kitagawa T.
Treatment of NIDDM in youth.
Clin Pediatr.
1998;
37
117-122
- 36
Pinhas-Hamiel O, Koren I, Vardi P.
Type 2 diabetes among adolescents in Israel.
Harefuah.
2000;
138
186-189
- 37
Rami B, Schober E, Nachbauer E, Waldhor T. Austrian Incidence Study group .
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is rare but not absent in children under 15 years of
age in Austria.
Eur J Pediatr.
2003;
162
850-852
- 38
Ravussin E, Danforth J E.
Beyond sloth-physical activity and weight gain.
Science.
1999;
283
184-185
- 39
Ritenbaugh C, Teufel-Shone N I. et al .
A lifestyle intervention improves plasma insulin levels among native American
high school youth.
Prev Med.
2003;
36
309-319
- 40
Sahota P, Rudolf M C, Dixey R, Hill A J, Barth J H, Cade J.
Randomised controlled trial of primary-school based intervention to reduce risk
factors for obesity.
BMJ.
2001;
323
1029-1032
- 41
Scott C R, Smith J M, Cradock M M, Pihoker C.
Characteristics of youth-onset noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus at diagnosis.
Pediatrics.
1997;
100
84-91
- 42
Sellers E A, Dean H J.
Diabetic ketoacidosis. A complication of type 2 diabetes in Canadian aboriginal
youth.
Diabetes Care.
2000;
23
1202-1204
- 43
Snehalatha C, Ramachandran A, Satyavani K, Vijay V.
Limitations of glycosylated haemoglobin as an index of glucose intolerance.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract.
2000;
47
129-133
- 44
Stuart C A, Gilkinson C R, Smith M M, Bosman A M, Keenan B S, Nagamani M.
Acanthosis nigricans as a risk factor for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Clin Pediatr (Phila).
1998;
37
73-78
- 45
Teufel N I, Ritenbaugh C K.
Development of a primary prevention program: insight gain in the Zuni Diabetes
Prevention Program.
Clin Pediatr (Phila).
1998;
37
131-141
- 46
Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson J G. et al .
Prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects
with impaired glucose tolerance.
N Engl J Med.
2001;
344
1343-1350
- 47
Zuhri-Yafi M I, Brosnan P G, Hardin D S.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.
2002;
15
(Suppl 1)
541-546
Dr. med. Thomas Michael Kapellen
Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Diabetes- und Adipositassprechstunde
Oststraße 21-25
04317 Leipzig
Phone: 0341/9726227
Fax: 0341/9726009
Email: kapt@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
